
Fully Resolved CFD-DEM Simulations for Suspensions
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Numerous numerical approaches exist for the study of suspensions, ranging from pure computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to discrete element methods (DEM) models. The selection of an appropriate method is based on the objectives of the project. Among these methods, coupled CFD-DEM simulations offer the advantage of leveraging both CFD and DEM techniques, allowing for a more detailed analysis of fluid-particle interactions. In the present work, a fully resolved CFD-DEM model was developed using a variant of the immersed boundary method to capture the hydrodynamic interactions. Regarding the particle interactions, our in-house DEM code, called XDEM, was used [1]. The fully resolved IBM-DEM approach under consideration accounts for both short- and long-range hydrodynamic interactions without reliance on drag law approximations [2]. To validate the model, it was subjected to rigorous testing over a wide range of scenarios, including systems with a limited number of particles as well as dense suspensions with a volume fraction of 35%. The validation process entailed a series of comparison tests with experimental data, theoretical predictions, and numerical simulations, demonstrating the model's ability to accurately predict hydrodynamic interactions, relative viscosity, and particle distribution under shear flow [2-3]. Furthermore, the CFD-DEM simulations were utilized to examine the interparticle fluid behavior, with a particular emphasis on interparticle shear rates. This study offers a novel quantitative and qualitative analysis of interparticle fluid behavior under shear flow conditions [3].