PARTICLES 2025

MPM Modelling of Earthquake-induced Landslides Including Thermal Effects

  • Zhang, Tong (UPC / Hohai University)
  • Lemus, Luis (University of La Serena)
  • Pinyol Puigmartí, Núria Mercè (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya / CIMNE)
  • Di Carluccio, Gaia (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya)

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One of the mechanisms that explain the rapid acceleration and large run-out of landslides is the heating of shear bands, caused by the dissipation of mechanical energy during sliding. This heating leads to the dilation of solid particles and water filling the pores in saturated soils. As a result, pore water pressure increases, reducing the effective frictional resistance of the soil and accelerating the landslide. This study presents a coupling thermo-hydro-mechanical formulation to model thermally induced effects during soil deformation within the Material Point Method (MPM) framework. In particular, the method proposed by Pinyol et al. (2018), based on a solid displacement-fluid pressure-temperature (u-p-θ) formulation, is reformulated into a velocity-based approach, i.e. solid velocity-fluid velocity-temperature (v-w-θ). The implementation addresses the pathological dependence of the friction work generation in the shear band on the computational mesh element size and involves solving a local equilibrium for heat and liquid mass balance at the material point level. The method is applied to simulate the Jiufenershan landslide, triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, as a real case study. The numerical simulations are performed using the open-source code Anura3D. Thermal pressurization within the shear band, caused by the dissipation of frictional energy into heat, provides an explanation for the significant runout observed, which exceeds 500 meters. Additionally, the study investigates the influence of soil hydraulic conductivity on the landslide evolution.