PARTICLES 2025

Impact of Particle Shape and Flow Dynamics on the Dissolution of Solid Particles Using Volume of Solid Method

  • Hassanpour, Mahsa (University of Edinburgh)
  • Haeri, Sina (HR Wallingford)
  • Attili, Antonio (University of Edinburgh)
  • Tibos, Stacie (PepsiCo)

Please login to view abstract download link

Excessive salt consumption poses significant health risks. One technique to reduce salt intake is reshaping salt crystals to optimize their dissolution behavior. This approach enables us to get precise control over dissolution and enhance flavor with less salt. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics and the Volume of Solid (VOS) method within the OpenFOAM framework to investigate the role of particle shape in dissolution efficiency. Our custom solver, based on the GeochemFoam package introduced by Maes et al., utilized the Volume of Solid method to track particle dissolution without requiring mesh deformations. By defining the fluid-solid interface using an indicator function representing the fluid volume fraction within each computational cell, this approach dynamically updates the interface position within a fixed mesh. The solver’s accuracy was validated against analytical solutions for sphere dissolution, with grid independence tests confirming reliable results. We examined five particle shapes: tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, icosahedron, and sphere, with identical initial volumes. Results revealed that the dissolution rate depends on particle geometry and fluid dynamics. Shapes like tetrahedrons, with larger surface areas, dissolved faster due to the enhanced solvent contact. However, cubes with a relatively high surface area to volume ratio dissolve slower than octahedrons and icosahedrons as their flat surfaces create lower curvature regions, reducing the concentration gradients and ultimately slowing mass transfer. Besides geometry, Reynolds number also played a key role in dissolution rate by affecting mixing intensity and mass transfer. The flow patterns and wake structure around the particles altered their dissolution rate at different Reynolds numbers. These insights are useful for industries like food processing and pharmaceuticals where controlling dissolution rates can enhance product performance. The VOS-based solver can be used as an efficient tool for modeling and further exploration of dissolution phenomena in various applications.