PARTICLES 2025

Effect of particle morphology on the dense and loose state packing of granular materials

  • Anusree, Kolar Veettil (Indian Institute of Science)
  • Latha, Gali Madhavi (Indian Institute of Science)

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Packing properties are crucial parameters that govern the behaviour of a granular assembly. In geomechanics, particle packing has been shown to influence the soil’s mechanical behaviour [1]. The packing parameters of soil are influenced by its micro-scale characteristics, including particle shape, size, and size distribution [2]. Thus, analysing the effects of these micro-scale parameters is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the soil at the macro-scale. This study undertakes a systematic investigation into the effects of multi-level particle morphology on the packing characteristics of granular assemblies at loose and dense states using the discrete element method (DEM). Spherical harmonics-based algorithm is used to generate virtual sand assemblies with morphological properties representative of natural sand particles. The morphological parameters of these granular assemblies are varied such that samples with control over morphological features at the macro and meso-scales are available for investigation. Further, the particle geometries are imported into the DEM software to generate granular assemblies with realistic particle morphologies. Subsequently, the loose and dense packing states are simulated, and various packing parameters, including the packing density, connectivity number, coordination number and fabric anisotropy, are quantified for each sample. Additionally, the results from DEM simulations are compared with the packing density values from experimental investigations performed using 3D-printed granular media to compare the trends in experimental and numerical investigations. The contribution of macro and meso-scale morphological parameters towards the trends in the variation of the packing properties are found to be different. Furthermore, the trends in the variation of the packing parameters with particle morphology for the dense and loose states are found to be different. REFERENCES [1] Q.X. Wu, J.J. Zheng, and Z.X. Yang, “Effects of initial fabric anisotropy on the undrained rotational shear responses of granular material using discrete element simulations”, Acta Geotech. 18, 5175–5194 (2023). [2] G.C. Cho, J. Dodds, and J.C. Santamarina, “Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: natural and crushed sands”, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 132, 591-602 (2006).