Phase-field multi-physics simulation of grain fragmentation with material point method
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During solidification, grains can fragment under small external forces. However, the fragmentation mechanism remain elusive due to the complex interplay of multi-physical process. Karagadde et al. reported that the mechanism of fragmentation is attributed to solid deformation during solidification, which rotated the crystal orientation and forms grain boundaries. These boundaries trigger liquid penetration, eventually leading to the detachment of the solid [1]. Therefore, reproducing the fragmentation mechanism poses a significant challenge in that it requires coupling solid morphological changes induced by both solidification and deformation. Owing to their flexibility, particle-based method for deformation calculations can be readily coupled with other techniques used for solidification calculation, making them ideal for expressing fragmentation phenomena. In this study, we simulated grain fragmentation caused by solid-solid contacts. The simulation model represents solid morphological changes and grain boundary formation using a phase-field method, liquid flow using the lattice Boltzmann method, and solid deformation using material point method.