PARTICLES 2025

A comparison between SPH and Hybrid multiphase VOF models for simulating gearbox lubrication

  • Sarret, Frédéric (Siemens Industry Software SAS)
  • Wechsler, Klaus (Siemens Industry Software GmbH)
  • Papoulias, Dimitrios (Siemens Industry Software Ltd)
  • Farih, Merwan (Siemens Industry Software SAS)

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Gearbox lubrication in automotive engineering is a challenging process, especially with the electrification of vehicles. The gearbox rotation speeds are increased from about 3,000 rpm for car’s combustion engine to 20,000 rpm for e-motors. The main goals for gearbox manufacturers are to optimize the resistive torque due to lubrication as well as satisfy the cooling of the system. The particle based Smooth-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach seems to be a relevant tool for simulating this application [1][2]. Finite volume methods (FV) based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach in conjunction to dynamic meshing tools are also used for modelling the multiphase flow developing in gearboxes [3]. The aim of the current analysis is to benchmark the predictive capabilities and highlight the strengths and weakness of the SPH and hybrid-VOF models available in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. To this purpose, the computational models are validated against the experiments conducted by Liu et al. [4]. These were conducted using the FZG test-rig, which allowed for visualization of the oil flow as well as measurement collection of the churning losses on the single-stage gearbox. The lubrication consisted of a bath of oil and the tested gear rotational speeds ranged from 100 up to 5,000 rpm. All calculations are performed using the same hardware configuration. The novelty of the present work is the benchmark of SPH and hybrid multiphase methods combining VOF, Lagrangian and fluid-film models using the same software Simcenter STAR-CCM+. References [1] M. Mettichi, Y. Gargouri, P. Groenenboom, F. el Khaldi; Simulating Oil Flow for Gearbox Lubrication using SPH; Proc. 10th SPHERIC International workshop, Parma, 16-18 June 2017 [2] A. Bannier, F. Sarret, M. Farih, F. Ravet, B. Pelourdeau, L. Dutfoy, P. Chessé, N. Perrot, A. Mucherie, A. Frecinaux, D. Dabert, “Lubrication simulation in automotive gearbox with SPH-flow”, Proceedings of the 14th international SPHERIC workshop, Exeter, UK. 2019 [3] Chen, Y.; Mohapatra, K., C.; Gao, H. A 3-D Computational fluid dynamics modeling of the churning los and oil pattern in a single-stage gearbox. SAE Int. 2024. [4] Liu, H.; Jurkschat, T.; Lohner, T.; Stahl, K. Determination of oil distribution and churning power loss of gearboxes by finite volume CFD method. Tribol. Int. 2017, 109, 346–354.